The Structure and Function of the Brain by Hannah

The human brain is a very complex organ. It has many different sections, each with a different job. The brain is split by a groove in the center of the cerebrum in two hemispheres, the left and the right. These two regions are connected by bundles of neurons called tracts which relay information between the two hemispheres. These tracts cross over in the area of the brain called the corpus callosum. The hemispheres are then divided into the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes. These main regions are only part of the cerebral cortex; there are more parts within the cerebrum. The cerebrum is responsible for language, thinking, vision, memory, and many other functions. The cerebrum makes up about 85% of the weight of the human brain. The wrinkles in the cerebral cortex increase the surface area. Underneath the cerebrum you find different areas of the brain that are smaller, but no less important than the cerebrum. The cerebellum is located at the the base of the brain; it controls balance, posture, and muscular coordination. The thalamus and hypothalamus are important in processing information. The thalamus processes sensory information and channels it to the different motor centers on the cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus is involved in regulating internal activities in the body, for example, homeostasis. It also is in charge of the hormone secretions of the pituitary gland. Together with the hippocampus and amygdala, the hypothalamus and thalamus make up the limbic system. The brain stem is made up of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. It connects the brain to the spinal cord. The brainstem controls your breathing, swallowing, digestion, heartbeat, consciousness, and sleep.

Interesting Facts:

●      “Researchers have found that the two sides of the cerebrum can operate as two different brains. For instance, in some people the tract between the two hemispheres has been cut by accident or by surgery. In laboratory experiments, one eye of an individual with such a “split brain” is covered and a stranger is introduced. If the other eye is then covered instead, the person does not recognize the stranger who was just introduced!”    

-- Johnson, “The Living World”

●      A person with damage to the speech area of the brain may not be able to speak but may have the ability to sing.

●      While awake, the brain produces between 10 and 23 watts of power-or enough energy to power a lightbulb.

If the brain is so vital to living, why do people do so many things that damage it?

Conclusion:

It is important for people to understand the importance of the brain so they know how to take care of it. If they are informed of the effects certain habits have on their brains, they may be less likely to try them or to continue them. Knowledge of the brain and its functions also helps doctors and scientists identify diseases and other dysfunctions and figure out methods of treatment. There would be no such thing as brain surgeons if we didn’t know the structure of the brain. All in all, knowing about our own brains and how they work could lead to healthier lifestyles and maybe a healthier world overall.