Tuesday, April 25, 2017

GENETICS by Sophia



Genetics is the study of heredity. In living organisms, there are genes, genetic variation, and heredity. The main idea of genetics being the study of heredity is that we observe that just about all living things inherit traits from both parents. The work of Gregor Mendel is what sparked the understanding of this process. This started in the mid-19th century and is still a huge subject of discussion.


Gregor Mendel was a scientist who studied the nature of inheritance in plants. For his work, Mendel traced inheritance patterns of traits in peas. After tracing this, he would describe them mathematically. Mendel concluded through this study that inheritance of many traits could be explained through rules and simple ratios. Very few people understood the concept of heredity until after Mendel’s death, when other scientists took on studies similar to his.


With genetics comes gene mutations. Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence that is permanent. DNA sequences are what makes up a gene. Mutations range is size and can affect anything from a base pair to a large chromosome segment that includes multiple genes. Many children are born with gene mutations, like Sickle-Cell Anemia and Tay-Sachs disease. That’s just part of life.

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