Whipped Cream By Brooklyn

   This week in science, we presented our projects we’ve been working on. My powerpoint was on the effect of natural preservatives in whipped cream. I tested the table life of two whip creams; one with lemon juice and one without.

            When you use natural preservatives, you are not using additives. Chemical preservatives use additives. Lemons, garlic, rock salt, and fermentation are all examples of natural preservatives.

            Preservatives help preserve food by preventing the growth of bacteria. They do this by keeping the cells from functioning the way they should. This is the most intriguing part to me.

●      Naturally preserved foods can last up to 3-6 months.

●     Salt has been used as a preservative for thousands of years.

●     Lemon juice adds vitamin C to the foods. 

Experiment by Abi

How does metal react with hydrogen peroxide overnight? When metal is put into hydrogen peroxide it is said that nothing really happens. Why? Because hydrogen peroxide is just meant to clean things because it is an antiseptic, which in other words means disinfectant.

                                                    

But What happens when metal is put in salt water overnight? When metal is put into salt mixed with the water it will rust faster and more severely. Why? Saltwater is a conductor “(lots of dissociated ions)”.

When you put metal in vinegar the metal will corrode. Why? Vinegar makes metal corrode faster because vinegar has a moderate amount of acetic acid which causes the metal to corrode.

Basically, metal reacts different ways with different objects. By experimenting on this to gain knowledge of how metal reacts, I am helping the world show why you should be careful with certain chemicals and metal together. What I thought was neat about this topic was that hydrogen peroxide doesn’t have an effect on metal. Also how metal doesn’t just rust, but it corrodes too. I think the most interesting thing in this experiment is how the metal could go from shiny to rusted and orange very quickly. So ask yourself this, What can you do to help the world stay safe?

Magnetism by Ryan

            Magnetism is a combined electromagnetic force. It can make magnetic objects rise. Magnets produce a thing called a magnetic field. This can attract or repel objects that come near the magnet.

A magnetic field exerts force on other objects.

The force it uses is called Lorentz Force.

Electricity charged particles gives a rise to Magnetism. The more charged it is the stronger the Magnetic field will be.  Permanent magnets do not go away and will be Permanent like the name has. There is a Magnetic called a temporary Magnet and is temporary.

 Opposites attract to one another. If you have the same they go away. This is because the side likes to have it spin up pretty much. If you have the same they don't do this. Two electrons that are the same go at the same rate.  This what causes a magnetic field. Two different ones produces a Field.

Cool Facts

If you run electricity through a magnetic it will increase its power but for a short time. So companies use it for trains to make them go super fast. Magnets make work easier because you can use them to pick up things like nut and bolts. If you get a super strong magnetic think of all the things you can do?

Question to Ponder on.

What will you do with a magnet?

Squid by Summer

This week during Biology, we dissected squid. Squid are one of the most developed invertebrates. They are part of the phylum named Mollusca, which means “soft body”. It is also categorized in the class, Cephalopoda, which means “head-footed”. It is listed in these categories because its head is pushed down towards the foot. Octopus, cuttlefish and ancient nautilus are also part of this class.

As you can see, squids have a large mantle, it has eight arms with two longer feeding tentacles which all have suckers on it, a beak and a mouth, a siphon, a large head which has a brain, two large eyes, and three hearts. Squids have gills that help them breathe. They move by squirting water from the mantle to the siphon. This movement is known as jet propulsion. By changing the flow through the siphon, they can change the direction, whether they want to go forward or backwards.

Squid reproduce sexually by releasing eggs into the water. Females will produce 10-50 elongated egg strings, which contain hundreds of eggs in each string, after mating. The squid will die after leaving the spawn on the ground. The egg strings attach to the ground and are left to develop on their own. They should hatch approximately 10 days later.

Questions;

Why are squid important?

What is the purpose of squid?

How big can squid get? How small?

When do they reproduce?

Periodic Trends by Sydney

This week, we have been learning about periodic trends. Before we can get into some of the trends, we have to understand the periodic table and how it is organized first.

The periodic table is a set of elements organized into periods and groups. The elements are also organized by atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements that have a similar structure appear in vertical columns.

Now that we have that down, let’s get into the trends.

In the diagram below, we can see the four main trends.

The first trend is Atomic Radius. Atomic Radius is like a measurement of the atom, showing how far the electrons are from the nucleus.

As you go left and down on the table, the atomic radius increases. This is because the number of electrons increase and more orbitals must be filled, therefore the distance from the nucleus is greater.

The second trend is Electronegativity. Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

As you go farther right and up on the table, the electronegativity increases. This is because the positively charged protons in the nucleus attract the negatively charged electrons. Therefore, the electronegativity or attraction increases in the element.

The third trend is Ionization Energy. Ionization energy is the amount of energy it takes to move an electron from a gaseous atom or ion.

As you go farther right and up on the table, the ionization energy increases. This is because the electrons are held tightly in the lowest orbitals, making it harder to move them around.

We see periodic trends because every element is different. There are placed where they are on the periodic table for a reason. Knowing the trends can help us identify differences in elements and make it  easier to understand their unique behaviors. When working with elements, it’s important to know every detail about them. The periodic trends help us understand the elements and the exceptions in the table.

These trends are interesting because not all the elements follow. For example, with electronegativity, the noble gases aren’t included in the trend. They have a full valence shell and usually don’t attract electrons so they do not have an electronegativity measurement. Francium actually has the greatest atomic radius. Another interesting fact is that Helium has the highest ionization energy out of all the elements.

What exceptions can you find in the table?

Scientific Method by Martin

This week, we are studying the scientific method. The scientific method is a method of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data is gathered, a hypothesis is formulated from this data, and the hypothesis is tested. An easier way to define the scientific method is that it is a way for scientists to study and learn things. The scientific method wasn’t made by one person, it was made by a group of scientists. They wanted to find a way to make it easier to find the answer to the problem so they found the solution. Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, and Isaac Newton all contributed and helped build the scientific method. They made it a good way to learn about science and nature.

This picture represents the step-by-step plan of the scientific method.

The scientific method is the cornerstone to modern science. Without this method, helping us finding the answers to our questions, we wouldn’t know half the knowledge we have today. The number of steps varies from one description to another, it’s usually when the data and the analysis are separated into two separate steps. The scientific method is a fairly standard list of 6 which you have to know for any science class you took, or you plan to take.

            Questions;

1.    Why is the scientific method important?

2.    What does the scientific method part of every science class?

3.    Why do we use it?

Magnets in Cows by Kauy

●     Why would a cow need a magnet?

            Cows often need to have magnets put in their stomach because of hardware disease. Hardware disease occurs when cows ingest sharp metal objects, such as nails, wire, or other metal objects. The magnets are commonly made of ferrite and are used to group all the foreign metal objects before they can puncture and pierce organs.

●     I find the fact that they feed the cows magnets interesting.

1.    The magnets are about 8 cm long

2.    They are shaped like long pills

3.    They are often given at brandings to prevent hardware disease