End of the year- have a great summer!

I hope everyone can get some sunshine and outdoor time.

Importance of Compost Piling by Sophia

                                                           

Have you ever wondered what the importance and benefits of composting is? Composting is basically just making a pile or heap of green waste and stirring it until it is broken down. Green waste is simply wetted down organic matter, such as leaves and food waste. Green waste normally breaks down after a course of weeks but can also take as long as months to break down. Compost is a key ingredient to organic farming.

There are many cool and unique ways to compost food waste. After it breaks down it is recycled and used as fertilizer and soil amendment. Compost waste is rich in nutrients which it is so good to use for plant growth.

You can use one of many ways to create a compost at the comfort of your own home. There are many composting benefits, like introducing beneficial organisms to soil, it’s good for the environment, and it reduces landfill waste. You can compost materials like animal manure, table scraps, paper, and even wood chips. There are multitudes of organisms, fungus and bacteria involved in the process of composting.

In composting, you will want green materials like lawn and landscape trimmings to reduces the amount of nitrogen. More green materials like fruit and vegetable peels would work great. Tea bags and coffee grounds are brown but are just as potent as green materials when it comes to nitrogen. For carbon, you’d want brown materials such as twigs, hay, and dry leaves.

You’ll definitely want to keep water around the compost pile to keep it moist. A compost pile needs oxygen to keep the bacteria and fungus in the compost pile alive. You can add worms in the pile, and bugs will find their way there.

When starting a compost pile, you want a certain amount of soil and scraps in your pile, this gives enough insulation and food for the organisms to live. For kitchen biology, we created two compost piles consisting of the same amount of vegetable and soil, and watered with the same amount of water but one was vermicomposting. The process was slow at first but towards the end, sped up and eventually showed progress. It was a great experience.

Nanotechnology by Richard

Summary:

            Nanotechnology is technology that is less than 100 nanometers wide. It can help with lots of different types of stuff. It helps with medicine, solar cells, batteries, food, fuel cells, and  better air quality. If it is breathed in it can damage your lung tissue and can cause chronic breathing problems. If it gets into your bloodstream it can kill you.

What I found most interesting about the topic:

What I found most interesting about the topic is that it can help bring the taste in food out more.

Three interesting facts that I learned:

1. It can help with better air quality because it can transform the vapors that come out of cars and factories into harmless gases.

2. If it gets into your bloodstream it can kill you.

3.  It is used to bring the taste in food out more.

Question:

Why do you think nanotechnology is harmful to us?

Soil by Mikayla

Soil is the “natural medium of growth and land”. Soil is very important to our world whether we realize it or not. It helps grow the things we need and has been used forever.

There are three types of soil; clay, sand and silt. Clay is the smallest soil particle there is. Sand is the largest particle, and silt is right in the middle. In each types of these soils there are different layers. The first layer is topsoil, which is the upper part. The second layer is subsoil, which is right below topsoil and has clay that is more compact. The very last layer is bedrock, this is the hard rock beneath the surface

            I find it very interesting that certain crops grow in the certain types of soil. For example in light textured soil, things such as vegetables and corn can grow. But in loamy soil almost everything can grow good in it. I also find it amazing that the more structured the soi is, the better plants grow in it. For example structured soil allows more water intake, so plants do better with this soil. The last thing that I find most interesting is that if you want to fix soil so it has better qualities, you just need to leave it alone - it will fix itself. I would have thought that you would need to do a ton of things to it.

            My question to everyone is how can you help improve the soil?

The Nutrient Cycles By Arissa

          The nutrient cycles are a crucial part in all ecosystems, they are responsible for the reuse of water, energy, and food. All life relies on three main cycles, the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and water cycle.

          Starting with the carbon cycle, carbon has the most important part to play in all of the ecosystems. Throughout the course of the carbon cycle plants extract carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, then perform photosynthesis, animals consume the plants and replace the carbon dioxide through breathing. This process is also responsible for providing energy for factories, trains, planes, and cars in the form of fossil fuel. This is a constant cycle, to bring us back to the beginning, after the death of an animal, fungi and bacteria break down the organic matter and allow the growth of plants.

Much like carbon, nitrogen is equally important to all ecosystems. Although nitrogen is present in our atmosphere it’s supply is limited. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are made to transform nitrogen into ammonia. These bacteria bring the converted nitrogen into the water and soil for the plants. Plants then acquire the nitrogen in the form of ammonia.

The water cycle is what life relies on, it consists of three main parts, evaporation (transpiration), condensation, and precipitation.  Evaporation is the extraction of water from bodies of water heated up by the sun, creating water vapor or clouds. Transpiration is process in which plants soak up water through their roots then the water evaporates as plants release water through small pores. Condensation is the collection of water in the air, after condensation comes precipitation. Precipitation comes in the form of rain, sleet, snow, and hail which falls to the ground bringing us back to the beginning.

These three cycles are what is keeping us alive, they are crucial to all ecosystems and environments. Food, water, and energy are all a part of these cycles.

Cite Sources: "The Water Cycle (article) | Ecology." Khan Academy. Khan Academy, 2017. Web. 13 Apr. 2017. <https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/ecology/biogeochemical-cycles/a/the-water-cycle>.

Jamie, Taylor, and Jen Moreau. "Nutrient Cycles: Recycling in Ecosystems, The Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles." ScienceAid. Science Aid, 2017. Web. 13 Apr. 2017. <https://scienceaid.net/biology/ecology/nutrient.html>.

Composting by Lydia

Composting is when organic material gets decomposed and then is used as a method of recycling or a way for people to help people increase their soil fertility. There are many different methods of compositing. You can have pile composting, open bin composting, or closed bin composting. These are just some of the many ways of composting. This is method that a lot of people enjoy because there is little to no cost and the boost in your gardens fertilization is mind blowing.

-       How many different kinds of compost total do you think there are?

Something that I find interesting about my topic is that all different kinds of organic food can change everything about it and become dirt.

1.    Composting saves money and is helping the world stay in better shape.

2.    It improves everything about the soil and the way plants grow in it.

3.    The nutrients in the soil can almost double when we use these composite materials.

GENETICS by Sophia

Genetics is the study of heredity. In living organisms, there are genes, genetic variation, and heredity. The main idea of genetics being the study of heredity is that we observe that just about all living things inherit traits from both parents. The work of Gregor Mendel is what sparked the understanding of this process. This started in the mid-19th century and is still a huge subject of discussion.

Gregor Mendel was a scientist who studied the nature of inheritance in plants. For his work, Mendel traced inheritance patterns of traits in peas. After tracing this, he would describe them mathematically. Mendel concluded through this study that inheritance of many traits could be explained through rules and simple ratios. Very few people understood the concept of heredity until after Mendel’s death, when other scientists took on studies similar to his.

With genetics comes gene mutations. Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence that is permanent. DNA sequences are what makes up a gene. Mutations range is size and can affect anything from a base pair to a large chromosome segment that includes multiple genes. Many children are born with gene mutations, like Sickle-Cell Anemia and Tay-Sachs disease. That’s just part of life.

Idaho’s State Flower, the Syringa by Joe

INTRODUCTION

The syringa (philadelphus lewisii) has been the state flower of Idaho since 1931, and was an obvious choice for the position due to its beauty and importance to the Native American as a means of creating tools. It grows on a shrub that can reach almost ten feet in height, with flowers growing in clusters on the ends of long stems. The wooded part of the shrub provided wood that the Native Americans used to create harpoons, bows, arrows, and numerous other tools requiring a wooden shaft. It is fascinating that an aromatic and aesthetically pleasing object would also be necessary for some cultures to hunt and forage for food.

INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT SYRINGAS

1.       The flower is named after Meriwether Lewis, as he was the first to collect and publish about it.

2.       The bark and leaves can be used to make a soap.

3.       Quail, deer, and elk are known to forage syringa.

 

QUESTION

How was syringa an integral part of the pioneering Native American tribes?

REFERENCES

Boise National Forest - Nature & Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2017.

"Syringa." State Symbols USA. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2017.

Light bulbs by Triston

Light bulbs can be put into anything that produces an electric charge, like a lantern or a flashlight if your are going camping, or if you need to go somewhere that doesn't have a light in the room. They go on the front of your car, and the back of it. They can go on any motor vehicle that you want you just need the extra parts. There are are different types of light bulbs like LED lights and there are incandescent, and CFL bulbs

Does temperature impact performance of a light bulb?

            I find this topic interesting because i might just buy LED lights because they last for 20 years with just one bulb.

Three neat facts about light bulbs are that the first light bulb that was ever invented was made in 1802 by Humphrey Devy. Halogen light bulbs were first produced in the 1950s. Another neat fact is that it takes 6 billion electrons to light up one 100-watt bulb for only one second.

Main Plant Parts By Brooklyn

          Plants play huge roles in our lives and on our planet. Without them, there is no us. They provide us with the oxygen we need to survive. With plants being very important pieces in our society, how do we not know more about them? Very few people have knowledge about plants and their anatomy.

            There are four main parts of plants. There are roots, leaves, flowers, and stems. All are extremely important to the plant and help it survive.

Roots are the thin branches on the bottom of the plant that help anchor it. They also store food and absorb water. There are two different types of roots, tap and fibrous. A tap root is one main root, it is usually very hard to pull (for example a carrot). Fibrous roots are many little roots that branch out and all play an equal role. They do not go very deep.

Stems help determine the plant’s size and position.  They move the leaves in order to get sunlight so the plant can photosynthesize. The xylem is the center of the stem, it moves the water from the roots to the leaves. The phloem is outside of the xylem and moves sugars down from the leaves to the roots so it can be stored.

            Leaves make food for the plants through photosynthesis. They collect the sun’s light and use it to make energy that the plant uses as food. Monocots are plants with straight-veined leaves. For example, palm trees are monocots. Dicots are plants with puzzle-veined leaves. The leaves branch out all over the place and have no particular pattern. For example, a maple is a dicot.

            Last, but not least, are the flowers. These help the plant reproduce. The stamen of the flower has pollen on it which is transferred  to other flower’s stigma by insects.

The more you know, the better off you are! Plants help us in so many ways and we should really take the time to learn more about them. Here’s my question for you: Which part of the plant is the most important, and why?

DNA by Jacob

DNA controls the cell when the DNA in a gene is changed. The change can cause the cell to behave differently.

Some mutations happen as a mistake spontaneously by a factor of the environment called a mutagen that has radiation, chemicals, and high temperatures. Asbestos was a used chemical by humans and many died because of it.They interact with the DNA molecule and cause changes.

Some mutations are bad but some can be good a lot of times such as the American Wirehair cat which the mutation had no harmful effect.

            Are mutations sometimes good for people and animals?

            What I find most interesting is that the Wirehair cat mutation happened and that it had no harmful effect on it.

1.)   Mutations can be sometimes caused by errors, transcription, cell division, or external agents.

2.)   The cells grow and divide very quickly to make cancer.

3.)   Chromosomal mutations are common in plants. 

Substances and mixtures by Asher

Substances and Mixtures

Matter consists of two broken down categories, mixtures and substances. A mixture is created by mixing two or more substances together. A substance has one atom type or a molecule. There are two types of mixtures, heterogeneous and homogenous. Heterogeneous mixtures have two or more distinguished mixed substances and do not have a fixed ratio, and homogeneous mixtures have the same amount mixed every time and are mixed thoroughly throughout the mixture.

When you measure a substance the boiling point and melting point are constant because a substance has a fixed ratio. Substances contain both compounds and elements. Elements are the building blocks of matter and compounds contain two or more elements within them.

The most interesting thing to me is that I can look at the world and identify if a certain object has different properties than another just by looking at them.

Fun Facts:

A substance has a fixed composition.

A mixture can be separated into its components.

No matter can be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Next time you eat a meal ask yourself, what kind of matter am I eating?

Beavers by Abi

Beavers are the second biggest rodents in the world. When you see the dams in rivers or ponds, that is because of the beavers. Beavers help our landscape. They have been around for a long time. They are family oriented and normally mate for life, which consists of about fifteen years.

             What I find most interesting about this topic is that the beavers have coarse hair on their back and soft hair on the stomach. The coarse hair acts a waterproof coat.

Beavers are very interesting. They have scent glands that extract a vanilla scent. You should respect a beaver’s boundaries, because they are protective. Also beaver’s teeth never stop growing.

Ask yourself this…. Are you cleaning the environment to help your beavers continue to fix the landscape?

Avocado or Avogadro? By: Sydney

            This week in Chemistry, we have been learning about the differences and similarities between formula and molecular weight as well as how to calculate molar mass. To fully understand the work we have been doing, it is first important to know the terms we are working with.

            Formula Weight is the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in the chemical formula of the substance.

            Molecular Weight is the same as the formula weight when the chemical formulas between the two are the same.

In order to calculate the formula weight, it is necessary to find the atomic weight of each element. This is found above the element symbol on the periodic table.

With that in mind, we need to determine how many atoms of each element there are in the formula. For example, if we have the formula C₁₇H₁₉NO₃ , we can see that the subscript tells us there are 17 atoms of Carbon, 19 atoms of Hydrogen, 1 atom of Nitrogen, and 3 atoms of Oxygen. Now we can combine the information we have. Basically, we are going to multiply the number of atoms and the atomic weight of each element, then we will add all the atomic masses together to get one number as the total average atomic mass of the formula.

C₁₇H₁₉NO₃

27(12)+19(1)+14+3(16) = 285 amu

And voila! That is how we find the formula or molecular weight of a chemical formula.

Next, we will go over molar mass. Molar mass is the mass in grams of one mole of a substance. When working with molar mass, we use Avogadro’s number. Amedeo Avogadro was a physicist who was best known for his contribution to molecular theory. Personally, I think he looks kind of like a bird!

To find it, we use Avogadro’s number.

6.022 x 10²³

When you have grams that you want to translate to moles, they are the same numbers but they are labeled with different units of measurement.

16 grams = 16 moles

Regarding the information we have been studying this week, I think it is interesting that after using Avogadro’s number, the numbers are the same, yet the units of measurement are different. This must make it fairly easy when working with molar mass!

Here are some interesting facts:

            Avogadro’s full name is Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro di Quaregna e di Cerreto… that’s a really long name!

            Avogadro’s number is abbreviated as N_A.    

            There are only a little over 100 types of atoms!

Lastly, my question for the audience is, do you think Avogadro looks like a bird? 

Digestion by Luke

            In the Advanced Biology class, our class is learning about the digestion system. There are three different types of digestive systems. Herbivores it plants and carnivores eat meat. Also, omnivores eat both such as humans. All vertebrates have one-way digestive tracts, they typically begin in the mouth and end in the anus.

The mouth is the first step of the process. The mouth breaks down food using teeth and saliva. The saliva serves as a lubricant for food so it can pass through the esophagus easily, and the esophagus connects the mouth to the stomach. The stomach is a sac-like structure that stores food that is waiting to be digested and it churns food with the help of HCl. The processed food, called chyme, leaves the stomach through the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine. While in the small intestine enzymes created by the pancreas continues to break down food into useful nutrients like carbohydrates and protein. After it passes through the small intestine, the large intestine compacts the waste products into feces so it can pass through the anus. Overall the digestion system is used to break down food into useful nutrients that our bodies need, but how long does it take humans to completely digest a piece of food?

Interesting Facts

1.      The small intestine in humans is about 23 feet (7 meters) long.

2.      Herbivores have large divided stomachs called ruminants.

3.       Hydra worms have two way digestive tracts.

Cells by Santi

This week is biology we are learning about cells and the cell cycle. The main difference between animal and plant cells is that plant cells contain vacuoles, a cell wall, and chloroplasts.

Plant cells get their energy from sunlight, this process is called photosynthesis. The chloroplasts are what controls photosynthesis. These chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which is what captures and absorbs the sunlight.

The cell wall in plant cells is made out of cellulose and adds more protection and stabilization to the cell.

The vacuoles main function is to control what comes in and out of a cell. They are also used for storing nutrients.

3 fun facts: All living things are made up of cells. Groups of cells can make tissues and organelle systems. Even the largest cell, is still too small to be seen with the human eye..

My question for y’all is what do you know or like about cells?

Cellular Respiration explanation made easy>>>>>

Should we use Microwaves to cook our food? By:Kiahna

I believe that using a microwave is not bad. The Microwave has a electric tube called a magnetron. It produces electromagnetic radiation.  The Magnetron inside the oven changes regular electric power from a wall socket into super short radio waves. They are about four inches from crest to crest. They are made when the microwave's magnetron is at a frequency of 2450 megahertz. When  something gets to that frequency the power is absorbed and absorbed  by water, fats, and sugars, that become  very fast vibrations and high temperatures that cook the food.   

           

Microwave ovens  heat food by making radiation which is caused by the water molecules being  absorbed. It  makes the water molecules vibrate and makes heat and then cooks the  food.  Almost all ovens that are made  recently are safe to use as long as you follow the instructions. Almost everyone has a microwave, some people think that cooking food in a  microwave can harm you. They think that it gets rid of all the nutrients.

           

Microwaves do spill out some radiation, but that is the same as using a cordless phone, cellphone, laptop. They turn on and off like a lightbulb. It does make radiation waves so when it is on it is better to stand away. When the microwave is off the waves can’t emit. They also can’t flow around in the oven  and get into the food.

It is actually better to cook your vegetables in the microwave because it cooks them fast and it doesn’t use as much as water as steaming does. Using a microwave is very helpful but you need to use microwave safe containers. Microwaves will kill bacteria when a food is cooking, microwaving is safe. 

Evolution by Darell

Evolution is the change in species over time. Evolution must have a competition for survival, mutations, and reproducing organisms. This is important because it take variation to later develop into evolution and natural selection is where this variation comes from.

Natural Selection is the survival of the fittest. This means the most adapted or the organisms that are best fit, survive and pass on their genes to produce offspring with that same favored trait. After time this becomes a larger change and eventually a new species is created. The other way this can happen is through mutations, a simple favored mutation that is accepted and passed on can lead to a new species much faster through the same process.  Because of evolution, we have a variation in species and we are able to have diverse amount of organisms. People often debate whether or not evolution is a real or if it should be accepted by society. There is a large amount of proof to back this idea up. First is biochemistry, this shows that different species have common DNA and scientist are able to prove the relatedness of species based on that. Homology is another solid piece of evidence that goes to show that species originate from one another, the best example has to do with whales and bats. Humans have a arm/hand structure that is very specific, and yet whales and bats share that same structure. Although they are used for different things, they show that they developed from a similar being.  

Charles Darwin was the first to recognize and attempt to understand this process. He visited the galapagos islands and observed all the different types of finches and the different beaks they had. He began to realize that the beak shape, size, etc had a direct correlation with the habitat in which they lived. This intrigued him and he later founded his idea of “Evolution”. I find it interesting that organisms are able to develop overtime and change even though there is no “answer” to how the changes occur. I also find it interesting that birds that are so closely related and live in only slightly different environments would change overtime like that to develop different beaks and why this process was not discovered before. What do you think is the most important part of evolution?

Causes of Cancer By: Rachael

Cancer is a medical issue that most people worry about but not a lot of people actually know the causes of cancer. I've always been interested in cancer and how exactly the cancer cells get abnormalities. Cancer begins in a single cell that normally didn't go through mitosis properly. Scientists have found that most cells that went too quickly through the mitosis process didn't have checkpoints in the cell. These checkpoints allow the cell to go through mitosis at the right speed, but if a cell doesn't have these it rushes through everything which creates abnormalities.

These abnormalities will create a cancer cell which keeps replicating forming more and more. These cancer cells will come together to form a tumor. Tumors are masses of cells which interfere with normal cells. They suck energy and things like that which they need and that causes other healthy cells to suffer from not getting what they need. These tumors can normally be cut out or some other form of treatment but it is best if it is caught in the early stages. An interesting fact is the different kinds of cancer are normally named after the body part that the tumor is in. So the name making process isn’t as creative as you think it is.

Metastasis is when a cancer cell breaks away from the tumor and travels to other locations, infecting them. This causes cancer in multiple places which is why you hear stories of people with multiple kinds of cancer. Once you get cancer in multiple places it is very hard to treat and dangerous for your body. Another interesting fact about metastasis is in the naming of the new cancer. Say you have breast cancer and metastasis happens and it travels to your lung it would then be called metastasis breast cancer not lung cancer. The name of your new cancer is the same as the old one, just with metastasis added to the front of it.

Two different causes of cancer are genetic or environmental. You could have it in your genes and something triggers it or you might get it from an environmental factor. Some direct causes of cancer are UV radiation exposure, smoking, your diet, air pollution, and viruses. An interesting fact about environmental factors is if you move to a country with a different cancer rate than your previous country then your cancer rate will change. A prevention tip is just trying to live a overall healthy lifestyle. Exercising daily, no tobacco use, and a high fiber diet are all ways to help you live a healthier life.

Questions:

What are some things in your diet that might be linked to causing cancer?

What are some different types of cancer you could develop?

Chemical Reactions by Luke

Currently, the Garden Valley Chemistry Class is learning about chemical reactions between molecules and bonds. The class is learning about four different chemical reactions, but are there more types of chemical reactions in our world? The first type of chemical reaction is named single replacement, this is when one element replaces another element in a compound. The second type is called a double replacement reaction. This is when two compounds switch their cation and anion. The third reaction is called synthesis. This occurs when two elements combine to create one product. Finally, decomposition is the last type of chemical reaction. This is when a compound breaks down to create two or more elements.

Interesting Facts About Chemical Reactions:

1.      Melting or freezing water is not a chemical reaction. This is because it stays as H2O

2.      When one reaction causes several reaction, it is called a chain reaction

3.      One cell causes 100,000,000 chemical reactions per second in the mitochondria

I find it interesting that all chemical reactions are directly related to molecules forming and breaking down, it’s also scientist can link a specific chemical reaction to the composition of molecules.

Evolution by Darwin and Wallace by Molly

Think about this.

I'm going to explain the work that darwin and wallace both did, who do you think did the most work? Who deserves the credit for evolution?

Charles Darwin

●    He was a naturalist

●    Second youngest out of 6 kids

●    Came from a long line of scientist

●    Grew up wealthy

●    Had lots of schooling

Alfred Russel Wallace

●     Naturalist

●     Not very educated more self taught

●     He didn't grow up in a wealthy family

●     Did things on his own

More on Darwin

Darwin and his mentor went on a 5 year voyage that was going to send them around the world.

Darwin collected specimens from all around

The galapagos islands are what stuck out most to darwin.

When he got home we was looking over his finding and came up the the theory of evolution.  (finches)

More about Wallace

He went on an 8 year expedition in indonesia

He gathered over 100,000 animal bird and insect specimen

As soon as wallace figured out exactly how evolution he wrote it down on a 8-9 page paper, he sent it to darwin for a peer review.

In an earlier year wallace was bringing back superman and his boat caught fire.

Together

Darwin and wallace came to the same conclusion about evolution.

They published a paper together on evolution.

Darwin published a book on the origin of species and wallace faded away.

My opinion

I find it interesting how they tried to do this together and it ended up being darwin taking a lot of the credit and wallace just stayed quiet while continuing his research.

Sources

"He Helped Discover Evolution, And Then Became Extinct." NPR. NPR, n.d. Web. 09 Feb. 2017.

"Charles Darwin." Biography.com. A&E Networks Television, 12 Feb. 2015. Web. 09 Feb. 2017.

Mushrooms by Bryce

This week we learned about Fungi and Mushrooms.I learned that most mushrooms with gills on them are poisonous.

I also found out that most of the poisonous mushrooms are identical twins to edible ones which cause them to be easily misplaced.

The difference between a fake moral and a real moral is that the cap is connected to the stem of a real moral where in a fake moral has the top just kinda placed on there.

I also learned that black holes can throw planet sized rocks really fast out of them like a spitball...luckily they are millions of lightyears away but it’s still kinda scary.

It is amazing how crazy everything around us is and the best part is that we don’t even notice it most of the time...Just ponder on that and just take a look around you and just imagine what a person had to think to invent something or the first time that we studied a certain thing.

The Rules of Binary Covalent Nomenclature by Caitlin

Binary covalent compounds are composed of two different elements, typically non-metals. It is important in the scientific community to know how to correctly name these compounds. There are four main rules to follow in order to piece together the name of a binary covalent compound.

Rule #1:The first element keeps its name.

Rule #2:The first element only gets a prefix if it has a subscript in the formula.

Rule #3: The second element gets the suffix -ide.

Rule #4:The second element always gets a prefix.

Prefixes Used in Binary Covalent Nomenclature

Prefix	Number Indicated
Mono-	1
Di-	2
Tri-	3
Tetra-	4
Penta-	5
Hexa-	6
Hepta-	7
Octa-	8
Nona-	9
Deca-	10

Exceptions:

●     If the compound contains one atom of the element that is written first in the name, the prefix "mono-" is not used.

●     When there are two vowels adjacent to one another, the end of the Greek prefix is usually dropped.

●     When the compound contains a oxygen and a halogen, the name of the halogen is the first word in the name.

Nitrogen Monoxide

The rules of binary covalent nomenclature help set a standard for all scientists to follow. Without it, chemists would be using different names for the same compound. This miscommunication would create a lot of problems.   

Question:

●     How would the field of chemistry change if there wasn’t a standard for all scientists to follow when naming binary covalent compounds?